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Commands used in Dockefile - Part4

  Docker is an opensource tool used for virtualization and deliver software in the form of packages called Containers. It is one of the most important tools used in networking domain.  Dockerfile  is a template for building the image which contains commands needed to package the software. In this post, I am going to explain the commands ADD & COPY used in  Dockerfile .   ADD Command:   ADD command is used to copy files, directories or files from remote URLS to destination path in the image. The source paths can contain wildcards.   If the destination has relative path, it is relative to the Working directory of the image. Note that source path is always relative to the Docker build context.   ADD command will not support authentication. So, if there are any protected files to be added in  Dockerfile  building, use other tools like curl or  wget   Dockerfile  copying Single & Multiple files, directory using ADD inst...
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IoT Components, Features, Advantages, and Challenges Explained

Internet of Things (IoT) is a recently emerging technology which means connecting a device to the internet and other devices. The main aim of IoT is to form a network of devices to collect and share data on the usage of the device and the environment surrounded by the device. By 2020, it is estimated that there will be around 25-30 billion objects in IoT. 
Here in this article, we are going to study the various architectures and applications involved in IoT technology. 
IoT

Introduction: 
IoT network involves a lot of things like vehicles, home appliances etc. which are embedded with sensors and actuators for collections, sharing and exchanging of data. IoT network changes the physical world to computer-based systems by providing the ability of remote control of objects. IoT also improves the efficiency and performance of the devices and reduces human intervention also. IoT has found its application in many areas. Some of them are as below: 
  • Monitoring Human heart 
  • Streaming live feeds of wild animals 
  • Developing Smart Cities 
  • Smart Electricity Meters 
  • Smart Surveillance 
  • Intelligent Automobile Vehicles 
  • Smart Retail and Supply chain 
  • Environment Monitoring 
  • Urban Security 
Elements of IoT: 
Some essential components needed in building IoT are: 
  • Sensors and Actuators 
  • Middleware components like the database for storage 
  • Visualization of data using different applications 
Let us understand the key elements used in building the IoT network: 
Unique Identification for the device: 
We already learn that IoT network consists of a lot of devices. To communicate to a specific device or to control and access them, a unique id is needed for each device. This id can be IPV4 address. But IPV4 supports limited addresses that are not sufficient. So, there is a need of using IPV6 addresses. In addition to the IP address, there is an object id which is used to refer the device in the communication network 
Sensing Devices: 
Sensing devices are a major component in building an IoT network. They are used to collect data and send them to the central database of the network. The type of sensor and type of data being sensed depends on the application. The sensed data may be humidity, pressure, and temperature etc. 
Communication: 
For sensors to send the collected data to the central database of the network, protocol or technology is required. Some technologies used for communication in the IoT network are as below: 
  • Zigbee 
  • Z-Wave 
  • WiFi 
  • RFID(Radio Frequency Identification) 
  • NFC(Near Field Communication) 
  • 3G, 4G, and LTE 
Data Storage and Analytics: 
As there are a lot of devices in the IoT network, a huge amount of data is generated. To use this data for decision making, it has to to be analyzed by some data analytic tools. The analytics tool used should be able to support multiple platforms. The middleware includes both data storage and data analytics tools. The centralized infrastructure used in the IoT network should support both storage and analytics tools. 
Visualization: 
In this modern era, the use of smartphones has grown to a greater extent. So, the user should be able to download the application, interact with the centralized database and get interactive information using his laptop or mobile phone. 

Key Features of IoT: 
There are a lot of features included in the IoT network. Some of them include Artificial Intelligence, Sensors, and Active engagement etc. Let us discuss them in detail. 
Artificial Intelligence: 
IoT devices should be able to make smart decisions based on the data in the centralized database collected by the sensors. An example could be turning the AC on automatically when the room temperature is beyond the threshold level. Thus the IoT device should have artificial intelligence. 
Connectivity: 
There are a lot of new technologies developed for IoT networking exclusively. Network size should be smaller and cheaper in cost but should be practical. IoT should be able to create a small network between devices. 
Sensors: 
Sensors are the main feature of the IoT network that collects data and transmits it to the centralized database in the network. It makes the IoT network to actively integrate with the real world. 
Active Engagement: 
IoT network should be able to actively interact with devices and should provide active content. This is the key feature that enables the success of the IoT enabled product. 
Small Devices: 
IoT devices should be smaller in size. At present day, Nanotechnology is making the devices smaller in size and these can be used to implement IoT.

Advantages of IoT: 
IoT has a lot of advantages in diversified areas. Some of the main advantages of IoT are discussed here: 
  1. Customer engagement is effective and improvement in data analytics 
  2. IoT improves the usage of devices using existing technologies 
  3. It provides real-world information to manage the resources effectively 
  4. IoT supports active data collection and helps in getting an accurate picture of the real world. 
Challenges of IoT: 
IoT networking has the following challenges: 
  • Security from various types of attacks is one of the key challenges in IoT 
  • Privacy of the user personal without his active participation is another concern in IoT 
  • Also, the IoT system is difficult to design, develop, maintain because of use of the multiple technologies 
  • Sometimes integration of IoT systems is difficult which is a challenge in the current situation 
  • Unlike other technologies, IoT should follow some compliances and standards to make business 
Conclusion: 
IoT, an emerging and modern day technology changes the way of living of people by enabling communication with objects. It brings the idea of “anytime anywhere anything” communication. Despite challenges involved in IoT, it provides a lot of advantages to the people of the world using technology. 
  

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